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Bevisste matvaner og ernæring:
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august 4, 2023 · 10 min lesetid
Mindful eating
 blog mindful eating

Paola Cóser, en ernæringskonsulent i konsultasjonsrommet sitt i Madrid

Skal vi leve for å spise, eller spise for å leve? Vi vet alle at vi må spise for å overleve, men mat er så mye mer enn bare en energikilde! Den er et samlingspunkt for familier, venner, relasjoner og kultur. Det finnes ingen rette eller gale svar, men én ting er sikkert: et sunt forhold til mat er viktig. Paola Cóser, en kvalifisert ernæringsfysiolog som spesialiserer seg på bevisste matvaner og har en mastergrad i fedme og vektkontroll, har brukt erfaringene sine til å utvikle en multikulturell tilnærming. Paola bruker sin kunnskap og omfavner forskjellige kulturer til å skape en metode for å skape et mer bevisst forhold til mat. Gjør deg klar til å legge ut på en smakfull reise som gir næring til både kropp og sjel!


Mat holder oss i live. Det er lett å glemme denne enkle sannheten når vi går gjennom hverdagen på automatikk og velger hva vi skal spise. Men dette er tingen: alle matvalg er viktige. I stedet for å gå på autopilot, bør vi derfor stoppe opp et øyeblikk for å sette pris på bevisst spising. Pablo Neruda, en av verdens mest populære nobelprisvinnere i litteratur, blåste liv i mat. Han brukte enkle ingredienser i poesien sin og forvandlet dem til noe helt unikt. I Oder-serien kalte han tomater «jordens stjerner» og beskrev løk med ordene «klare som planeter, skapt for å skinne». Selv artisjokker fikk en beskrivelse, «en pansret grønnsak», noe som understreket kraften av fersk mat som noe magisk, meningsfylt og med en sosiologisk tilnærming.

Akkurat som Neruda, understreker Paola Cóser den voldsomme kraften til mat 
og bevisste matvaner. I konsultasjonsrommet sitt i Madrid hjelper hun mennesker fra mange land, deriblant Frankrike, Italia, Sveits og Spania. Med en bachelorgrad i fysisk aktivitet og idrettsvitenskap anerkjenner Cóser behovet for økt bevissthet rundt mat.


1. Hva vi spiser eller hvordan vi spiser, læres ikke på skoler og universiteter. Selv om både barn og voksne kan synes det er vanskelig å ha et sunt forhold til mat. 
Bare tenk på det store antallet overvektige i land som USA (36,3 % av den voksne befolkningen lider av fedme) ifølge tallene for overvekt etter land,1 eller sykdommer som er forbundet med et vanskelig forhold til mat. Hva er første skritt mot en positiv bevissthet til mat?

Det finnes tre trinn i bevissthetsprosessen kan føre til positive endringer. Disse kalles også Prochaska og DiClementes modell. Vi er først i føroverveielsesfasen, der vi ikke har intensjoner om å endre atferd. På dette stadiet er vi ikke bevisste over matvanene våre. Vi spiser, men vi tenker ikke hvordan på dette påvirker kostholdet eller helsen vår. Vi går så over til overveielsesfasen, der vi innser hva som skjer fordi vi føler oss dårlige og usunne. På dette stadiet er vi fremdeles ikke klare til å handle, så vi observerer og vurderer situasjonen. I dette ambivalente stadiet kan vi kanskje tenke «jeg vet at jeg må gjøre denne endringen», men vi handler ikke på det enda. Sinnet vårt er fremdeles i komfortsonen og kompenserer siden det er enkelt å gjenta de samme mønstrene. 

Bevissthet er ikke det samme som endring. Det tar vanligvis en stund før man kommer til handlingsfasen og strategi. Dette skjer først når det blir helt nødvendig, eller 
eller en trigger eller en sterk hendelse fører til handling. Du sammenligner for eksempel plutselig matvanene dine med andres, og bestemmer deg for å handle. Dette stadiet er bra, siden det er det første steget mot bevisst ernæring og fremgang.

2. Hvert land har sine egne retningslinjer for ernæring og matvarer. Helsevesenet i Storbritannia publiserer for eksempel deres kostholdsråd og råd for et balansert kosthold på sitt offisielle nettsted.2 Det er nyttig med enkel tilgang til denne ressursen, men hvordan kan vi skape bevisste vaner for å skape endring? Hvordan kan vi bygge vaner som lar oss utvikle et godt forhold til mat?

De fleste vet at frukt og grønt er sunt og en viktig del av et balansert kosthold, men de må integrere dem i passende mengder i hverdagen. Det er viktig å utvikle vanen med repetisjon. 

Derfor er det viktig å ønske at noe skal skje, og så gjøre det gjentatte ganger for å gjøre det til en vane. Bevissthet er i dette tilfellet enda viktigere, og herfra kan vi si at bevisste matvaner handler om å vite hvilke fordeler vi kan få fra et sunt kosthold, hvordan vi føler oss når vi spiser sunnere og hva som kan forhindre at vi oppnår dette. 
 

 

«Mindful eating means knowing what benefits healthy eating will bring me, how I feel when eating healthier, and what things prevent me from not making it happen.»

 

There are many patterns that interrupt our intentions on a day-to-day basis. For me, it was the relationship that I had with food during my childhood, during stressful moments, or even because of the constant exposure to media ads and fast food, etc.
So, to generate new food habits it’s crucial to be aware of our current situation as a starting point, knowing what behavior we want to change and why, what benefits we will obtain, and what we’re willing to give up to gain other benefits.
It’s vital to establish real changes without being too restrictive with the food that we like very much. Also, observing what areas of our life can be affected, such as social life, family life, stress, and beliefs. It’s not just incorporating healthy food, but how you relate to it.

3. Enrique Rojas, professor of psychiatry and director of the Spanish Institute for Psychiatric Research, states in his book 5 Tips to boost intelligence3 that « determination means knowing how to wait and how to continue ». He also points out the importance of will, saying that « will is the jewel of the crown; a person with a will goes far beyond an intelligent person ». In this context, how do both will and perseverance help improve our relationship with food? And mainly, How can we begin to work on them more consciously?

From my experience, when it comes to food, willpower usually allows most people to start the change and it’s just brilliant. However, willpower can be a short-term factor with an expiration date. Although the strength of will often has to do with the desire to achieve goals, giving the strength and energy necessary to achieve them, I believe that awareness is basic in starting any change. When you feel the need to take that impulse and begin looking for strategies and help, then you can perceive that this strength can be actually developed. Step by step you start incorporating those desired changes.

Perseverance and discipline are super important, it is what forges a new diet; in this aspect, change is always possible with repetition, listening to your body, your sensations, paying attention to how you relate to food along with everything else that prevents you from achieving it.

4. Food is also a social and cultural phenomenon from a sociological approach. It is also a prime source for the individual, the family, and the society. Based on this, how are food choices influenced by the family or the social environment?

This is quite interesting. Food connects us with everything. It is the basis of our survival and has been with us since the beginning of our lives. We can smell something that transports us to our childhood or our country in a positive or negative way, which actually conditions us in our food choices.

 

«Food connects us with everything. It is the basis of our survival and has been with us since the beginning of our lives.»

 

Every family has its own food habits and a particular way in which food is contextualized. By this I mean, food can be an act of love and protection, but it can also be considered as something negative, maybe when conflicts arise while eating, prohibitions are put in place, or there are family problems. So, emotions and food are closely related.
Something similar occurs in the social and cultural sphere because each country has its own gastronomy and great rituals with food. Also, this constant exposure to certain foods reinforces our relationship to the place where we live. Becoming aware of these family and social habits is fundamental and extremely positive. For instance, it is vital to realize what benefits us so we can make a more conscious choice between what our body needs and what we can leave behind. Besides, realizing what emotions, behaviors, and beliefs are conditioning our habits can help us to eliminate some food patterns and strengthen others.

5. Spanish people will have the longest life expectancy by 2040, according to a study by Health Metrics and Evaluation in Seattle,4 surpassing Japan. Among the reasons is the way people eat. The Predimed study5 from the Spanish Ministry of Health showed that the Mediterranean diet constitutes a healthy eating pattern for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine,6 is the world's largest clinical trial studying the benefits of the Mediterranean diet. Based on this, what ingredients of the Mediterranean diet are essential for our health?
 
In the Mediterranean diet, fruits and vegetables are prioritized, as well as the importance of consuming good quality fat such as Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO). Nuts and fish, legumes, whole grains, dairy products, along with eggs, white meat (preferably less red meat) are also great food sources.


The consumption of fruits and vegetables makes this diet healthy not only because of the contribution of fibers, vitamins and minerals, but also because fruits and vegetables have a large number of bioactive substances. These components influence cell activity and physiological mechanisms with beneficial effects on health. Among them, we can find beta carotenes (carrots, pumpkin), lycopene (tomato) anthocyanins (grapes, raspberries, blueberries, blackberries) chlorophyll (green leaves), lutein and zeaxanthin (spinach, corn, avocado, melon). Glycosylates (broccoli, cabbage), with their antioxidant action, not only prevent diseases but also help longevity.


Also including good quality fats such as EVOO, oily fish, and nuts that provide polyunsaturated fats (omega 6 and omega 3) is fantastic. A balance of this type of fat prevents inflammatory processes in our bodies and helps prevent cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and depression when accompanied by a healthy lifestyle.


6. Mindful eating focuses on eating experiences, sensations in our body, and, of course, a physical and mental approach to eating. Along those lines, can you give some tips to harmoniously nourish our body, mind and spirit?

When I talk about health I include mind, body and emotions. By this I mean, I can’t work on one area and leave the others aside.
Food is closely linked to beliefs (mind), emotions, and bodily needs, so when I work with my patients, I nourish those three areas together in order for them to achieve their goals.
To nourish the body, I suggest introducing more fruits and vegetables (bioactive components) into your diet. In addition to caring for your body, I recommend starting with gentle movements at first, such as yoga or walking, so that you can condition your body with movement.
To be attentive to our thoughts and emotions, I highly recommend keeping up with your reflections. Also, meditation is important. However, when there’s a lot of mental noise it’s better to start with a moving meditation. This means to be present while doing an activity, such as walking. For instance, I’m focused on my body, feeling the movements of the muscles and being present in my breathing.

Ready to dive into the secrets of nourishing your body, mind, and spirit? Look no further than the amazing Mia® Community! Join the conversation and discover a world of wellness wisdom.

Referanser
  1. Obesity Rates by Country 2023 fra World Population Review, offisielt nettsted, https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/obesity-rates-by-country 
  2. The National Health Service i England, NHS, Food Guidelines and food labels, 16. september 2022, https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/ 
  3. Enrique Rojas, 5 tips to boost intelligence, opprinnelig tittel, 5 consejos para potenciar la inteligencia, januar 2018, forlag, Booket. 
  4. Forecasting life expectancy, years of life lost, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 250 causes of death: reference and alternative scenarios for 2016–40 for 195 countries and territories
    Kryssreferanse DOI-lenke: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31694-5, Publisert i trykkform: 2018-11
    Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy
  5. Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Extra-Virgin Olive Oil or Nuts, publisert i: The New England Journal of Medicine, utgiver: Massachusetts Medical Society, 21. juni 2018. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1800389#article_references 
  6. Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Extra-Virgin Olive Oil or Nuts, publisert i: The New England Journal of Medicine, utgiver: Massachusetts Medical Society, 21. juni 2018. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1800389#article_references